Everyone who first visits Christian Lingemark's wonderful site lyngsat.com, which is a source of information about satellite broadcasting, usually experiences some confusion when it comes to reading and using the data. Most veterans of satellite reception appreciate its constantly up-to-date and reliable reference information, which is essential for checking active transponders. But for beginners, people who have just started FTA reception, the Lingsat frequency table can seem intimidating. To appreciate the full value of this reference tool and how much useful data it contains, you need to understand the meaning of the numbers given on the website.
Lyngsat: frequency tables, satellite information
On the first page of the site there is a table with hyperlinks to satellites, packages and high-definition channels in Asian, European, Atlantic regions and America. Then there are transitions to open television and radio channels in different parts of the world. For example, the frequency table "Satellite channels of Russia" appears whenfollowing the Russia link of the Free TV/Europe page.
Then follows a list of the latest updates with a logo and a transition to the parameters of the channel and transponder from which the broadcast is being made.
At the bottom of the web page are links to:
- satellite TV provider packages;
- Lingsat frequency table of open television channels;
- Internet TV;
- news about changes in satellite broadcasting;
- data on the technical status of the lyngsat website and the status of daily and weekly mailings;
- information about the procedure for updating the parameters of existing channels;
- frequencies, channels of popular satellites in Ultra HD format;
- information about launches into geostationary orbit;
- LyngSat Logo channel logos;
- standardized television signal coverage maps.
Receive parameters
The table of channel frequencies and keys from the main satellites is available via the hyperlink at the top of the page, located in the Satellites line and the longitude range column. For example, to obtain data for Astra 4A at position 4.9° East, select the Europe cell in the 73°E-0°E column. In the table that appears with a list of satellites broadcasting to Europe, Africa and the Middle East, you must select the required option. In addition, it contains information about the broadcast range (L/S/Ka, C, C+Ku, Ku) or the movement of the satellite.
On the page that opens there is a table of frequencies and keys for satellite TV channelswith the following columns:
- frequency and polarization, transponder number and hyperlink to its beam coverage map;
- logo of operator or channel;
- their name;
- links to packages, open channels, internet broadcasting, teletext;
- broadcast standard and coding system used;
- parameters SR, FEC, SID, VPID;
- ONID, TID, C/N, APID and broadcast language parameters;
- source and last modified date.
Frequency and polarity
The Lingsat frequency table and polarization information are parameters without which it will be impossible to tune into a channel.
For example, the inscription 4180 H means that a C-band transponder is used at a frequency of 4180 MHz with horizontal polarization. 11749 V denotes a Ku-band transponder at 11749 MHz with vertical polarization.
The polarization of a signal refers to how it arrives at the antenna. In satellite television, two types of polarization are used, linear and circular. Line signals are broadcast in a plane oriented either vertically or horizontally. A circularly polarized signal arrives in the form of a corkscrew, either right-handed (clockwise) or left-handed (counterclockwise). The receiving head or converter must match the type of received signal in frequency and polarity.
Name
If several streams are broadcast on the same frequency, then MCPC takes place, which stands for "multiple channels per carrier". it"multiplex", which is also denoted by the acronym MUX or the word "bouquet". In the table, the name at the top of the block corresponds to the name of the multiplex service provider, and the data below is the actual channels contained in the bouquet. For example, SES Ukraine is a supplier, while TET, 2+2, 1+1 International, Glas, Espreso TV, Rada, Era TV, Telekanal Ukraina are actual TV channels. The names listed are links that take you to the respective website for more information about the services provided.
Signal type
Fans of FTA reception will first of all need a list of channels and frequencies on Lingsat in the DVB or Digital Video Broadcast standard. In addition to digital, the signal can be analog, such as NTSC. This is the National Television Systems Committee's standard adopted by the US.
There are still many analogue satellite broadcasts, although the vast majority of channels are broadcast in digital encoding. The line "1 + 1 International" is colored orange, as the broadcast is closed. Below the name of the MPEG-4 encoding is the name of the BISS signal encryption standard. Nagravision, PowerVu, Conax, Viaccess, Videoguard are examples of other encoding systems used around the world.
The lines TET, "2+2", Glas, Espreso TV, Rada and Era TV are colored yellow. This means that these channels are open and can be received by all FTA receivers. DCII or MPEG 1.5 are not supported by FTA receivers.
Frequency tableLingsat uses the following channel color codes:
- white - analog open;
- pink - analog coded;
- yellow - standard definition open digital;
- orange - closed digital SD quality;
- light green - open high-definition digital;
- green - HD quality encoded digital;
- pink - internet or interactive;
- gray - technical for official broadcasting.
Video PID
The abbreviation PID can be deciphered as "package identifier". All digital data from satellites is sent as data packets. Each of them has its own identification number. The PID prevents data from one channel from being interpreted as belonging to another. In addition, the packet identifier determines the type of data - audio or video. Each video channel in the multiplexer has three PIDs - video, audio and PCR. The purpose of the first two explains their name. All digital data must be perfectly timed, and the PCR PID is the data packet that contains the master clock. It happens to be contained within the video PID, but it shouldn't be.
For example, Espreso TV's video PID is 6151, and Rada's is 6171.
Audio PID
Continuing the discussion of package identifiers, Espreso TV's APID is 6152, while Rada's is 6172.
Next to PIDthe inscription Uk is located. This means that the language is Ukrainian. This information is useful for determining the correct audio package when two or more APIDs are transmitted simultaneously on the same channel with different language accompaniment. For example, audio PID 7692 English Club TV is marked R, which means the use of the Russian language, and 7693 E indicates that the broadcast is in English.
For analog channels, these numbers correspond to the audio frequencies used for manual stereo tuning - left and right channels respectively.
Baud rate and FEC
On the Lingsat website, the frequency table contains another mandatory parameter - the symbol rate (SR, symbol rate), which corresponds to the data transfer rate of the carrier. The higher the SR, the more information can be transmitted. For example, Viasat's SR is 27500 and English Club TV's transmission rate is 30000 symbols per second. In most cases, SR is a measure of the number of channels transmitted on a carrier frequency.
FEC, Forward Error Correction, is usually calculated by the receiver, so this information does not need to be entered except in some, mostly older receivers. ¾ FEC from the SES Ukraine provider means that out of every 4 bits, 3 are reserved for data transmission and 1 for error correction.
Beam
A satellite is like a flashlight that shines on the Earth. Its beam has a certain brightness or power, as well as a spread that covers a certainterritory. The assumption that you can receive a signal from all satellites that are within line of sight is incorrect. To do this, the beam must cover a specific location. It can be sent to an entire hemisphere, a specific country, or a small geographic area of a few hundred kilometers.
On the Lingsat website, the frequency table under the transponder number contains a link, by clicking on which you can see a coverage map with the indicated signal strength and data on the correspondence of the size of the antenna to EIRP - effective radiated power. For example, the orange section of the coverage map for the SES Ukraine transponder indicates that to receive multiplex channels in Central Europe, Turkey, Scotland and Sardinia, you will need a satellite dish no larger than 50 cm.
Source/Updated
This column contains the name of the source that updated this entry. The date of the last modification is also indicated here.
Links
The white icons in the column between the provider name and the coding system are links to provide additional information on a specific program or service.
- Field "F" is a link to a web page with a list of open channels.
- The "S" field will take you to the video or audio webcast page.
- If the satellite TV provider transmits channel packages, then the “P” icon will direct to their detailed list.
- Link "T" will allow you to viewteletext.
- The "U" icon allows you to get information about a specific uplink station.
Service ID
Service ID is a digital service channel used by the ISP. This is also a very important parameter that will be required during setup.
Freedom of action
This article does not claim to be a complete guide to using the site, but is only a guide for those who want to learn how to create their own broadcast lists for FTA receivers so that they can use the site by understanding the meaning of the columns of numbers. At the very least, this will allow you to understand the settings of satellite receivers and program them as you wish, not content with standard settings.
