A tube transceiver is a device that is designed to transmit signals of a certain frequency. Generally, it is used as a receiver. The main element of the transceiver is considered to be a transformer, which is connected to an inductor. A feature of lamp modifications is the stability of low-frequency signal transmission.
Additionally, they are distinguished by the presence of powerful capacitors and resistors. The controllers in the device are installed in a variety of ways. To eliminate various interferences in the system, electromechanical filters are used. Today, many people are interested in installing low power 50W transceivers.
Short wave (HF) transceivers
To make a HF transceiver with your own hands, you need to use a low power transformer. Additionally, you should take care of the amplifiers. As a rule, in this case, the patency of the signal will increase significantly. In order to be able to deal with interference, zener diodes are installed in the device. Most commonly used transceiversof this type in telephone exchanges. Some people make their own HF transceiver (tube) using an inductor that must withstand a maximum of 9 ohms. The device is always checked in the first phase. In this case, the contacts must be set to the top position.
Antenna and unit for HF transceiver
Do-it-yourself antenna for a transceiver is made using various conductors. Additionally, a pair of diodes is required. The bandwidth of the antenna is tested on a low power transmitter. The device also requires such an element as a reed switch. It is necessary to transmit a signal to the outer winding of the inductor.
In order to make a do-it-yourself transceiver power supply, you need a high-frequency generator that works in tandem with a mixer. Additionally, specialists use capacitors of various capacities. The device must withstand the maximum voltage at a level of 50 V. The limiting frequency in this case does not exceed 60 Hz. To solve problems with electromagnetic interference, special circuits are used. In the device, they are also designed to double the voltage.
VHF devices
Making a VHF transceiver with your own hands is quite difficult. In this case, the problem is finding the right inductor. She is obliged to work on ferrite rings. Capacitors are best used with different capacities. Only controllers are used for phase change. Using multi-channel modification fortransceivers is not advisable. Chokes in the system are needed at a high frequency, and zener diodes are used to increase the accuracy of the device. They are installed in transceivers only behind the transformer. To prevent transistors from burning out, some experts advise soldering electromechanical filters.
Long wave (LW) transceiver models
You can make long-wave tube transceivers with your own hands only with the participation of powerful transformers. The controller in this case must be designed for six channels. The receiver phase change is carried out through a modulator that operates at a frequency of 50 Hz. To minimize noise on the line, a wide variety of filters are used. For some, it is possible to increase the conductivity of the signal through the use of amplifiers. However, in such a situation, you should take care of the presence of capacitive capacitors. It is important to install transistors in the system behind the transformer. All this will improve the accuracy of the device.
Features of medium wave (MW) devices
Making medium-wave tube transceivers with your own hands is quite difficult. These devices work on LED indicators. Light bulbs in the system are installed in pairs. In this case, it is important to fix the cathodes directly through the capacitors. You can solve the problem with increasing polarity by using an additional pair of resistors at the output.
A relay is used to close the circuit. The antenna to the microcircuit is always attached through the cathode, and the power of the devicedetermined by the voltage in the transformer. Most often, transceivers of this type can be found on airplanes. There, control is carried out through the panel or remotely.
Antenna and unit for CB transceiver
You can make an antenna for this type of transceiver using a regular coil. Its outer winding must be connected to the output amplifier. The conductors in this case must be soldered to the diode. Buying it in the store will not be difficult.
To make a block for this type of transceiver, a relay is used, as well as a 50 V generator. Only field-effect transistors are used in the system. A choke in the system is required to connect to the circuit. Feed-through capacitors in units of this type are used very rarely.
Modification of the VHF-1 transceiver
You can make this transceiver with your own hands on lamps using a 60 V transformer. The LEDs in the circuit are used to recognize the phase. The modulators in the device are installed in a variety of ways. High voltage transceiver is maintained by a powerful amplifier. Ultimately, the resistance of the transceiver must be perceived up to 80 ohms.
In order for the device to successfully calibrate, it is important to fine-tune the position of all transistors. As a rule, closing elements are placed in the upper position. In this case, heat losses will be minimal. The coil is wound last. Diodes on the keys in the system must be checked before switching on. If their connection is bad, thenoperating temperature can rise sharply from 40 to 80 degrees.
How to make a VHF-2 transceiver?
To properly fold the transceiver with your own hands, the transformer must be taken at 60 V. It must withstand the maximum load at the level of 5 A. To increase the sensitivity of the device, only high-quality resistors are used. The capacitance of one capacitor must be at least 5 pF. The device is calibrated eventually through the first phase. In this case, the locking mechanism is first set to the upper position.
It is necessary to turn on the power supply while observing the display system. If the limiting frequency exceeds 60 Hz, then there is a decrease in the rated voltage. The conductivity of the signal in this case can be increased by an electromagnetic amplifier. It is installed, as a rule, next to the transformer.
Slow sweep HF models
Folding the HF transceiver with your own hands is not difficult. First of all, you should choose the necessary transformer. As a rule, imported modifications are used that are capable of withstanding a maximum load of up to 4 A. In this case, the capacitors are selected based on the sensitivity of the device. Field-effect transistors in transceivers are quite common. However, they are not without drawbacks. They are mainly associated with a large output error.
This happens due to an increase in the operating temperature on the outer winding. To solve this problem, transistors can be used markedLM4. Their conductivity index is quite good. Modulators for transceivers of this type are suitable for only two frequencies. The lamps are connected as standard through a choke. To achieve a fast phase change, amplifiers in the system are needed only at the beginning of the chain. To improve receiver performance, the antenna is connected through the cathode.
Multi-channel transceiver modification
You can make a multi-channel transceiver with your own hands only with the participation of a high-voltage transformer. It must withstand the maximum load up to 9 A. In this case, capacitors are used only with a capacity of more than 8 pF. It is almost impossible to increase the sensitivity of the device to 80 kV, this should be taken into account. Modulators in the system are applied to five channels. To change the phase, PPR class microcircuits are used.
Direct Conversion RDD Transceiver
To fold the SDR transceiver with your own hands, it is important to use capacitors with a capacitance of more than 6 pF. This is largely due to the high sensitivity of the device. Additionally, these capacitors will help with negative polarity in the system.
For good signal conductivity, transformers of at least 40 V are required. At the same time, they must withstand a load of about 6 V. Microcircuits are usually designed for four phases. The transceiver check begins immediately with a limit frequency of 4 Hz. To cope with electromagnetic interference, resistors in the device are used in the field type. Bilateral filters in transceivers are quite rare. Maximum voltage on the second phase of the transmittermust withstand at 30 V.
Variable amplifiers are used to increase the sensitivity of the device. They work in transceivers paired with resistors. Stabilizers are used to overcome low-frequency vibrations. In the anode circuit, the lamps are installed in series through a choke. Ultimately, the locking mechanism and the indication system are tested in the device. This is done for each phase separately.
Models of transceivers with L2 tubes
A simple do-it-yourself transceiver is assembled using a 65 V transformer. Models with these lamps are distinguished by the fact that they can work for many years. Their operating temperature parameter fluctuates on average around 40 degrees. Additionally, it should be borne in mind that they are not capable of connecting to single-phase microcircuits. In this case, it is better to install the modulator on three channels. This will keep scatter to a minimum.
Additionally, you can get rid of problems with negative polarity. Capacitors for such transceivers are used in a variety of ways. However, in this situation, much depends on the maximum power of the power supply. If the operating current on the first phase exceeds 3 A, then the minimum capacitor volume must be 9 pF. As a result, you can count on the stable operation of the transmitter.
Transceivers with MS2 resistors
In order to properly fold the transceiver with such resistors with your own hands, it is important to choose a good stabilizer. It is installed in the device next totransformer. Resistors of this type are capable of withstanding a maximum load of about 6 A.
Compared to other transceivers, this is quite a lot. However, the payoff for this is the increased sensitivity of the device. As a result, the model is capable of malfunctioning with a sharp increase in voltage to the transformer. To minimize heat losses, the device uses a whole system of filters. They should be located in front of the transformer so that the resistance ultimately does not exceed 6 ohms. In this case, the scatter will be negligible.
SSB modulation device
A do-it-yourself transceiver is assembled (the diagram is shown below) from a 45 V transformer. Models of this type can most often be found at telephone exchanges. Single-sideband modulators are quite simple in structure. Phase switching in this case is carried out directly by changing the position of the resistor.
Ultimate resistance does not drop sharply. As a result, the sensitivity of the device always remains normal. Transformers for such modulators are suitable with a power of not more than 50 V. Experts do not recommend using field capacitors in the system. It is much better, from the point of view of experts, to use conventional analogues. Transceiver calibration is carried out only on the last phase.
Model of transceivers on PP20 amplifier
You can make a transceiver with your own hands on an amplifier of this type using field effect transistors. Signals transmitterin this case will only transmit shortwave. The antenna for such transceivers is always connected through a choke. Transformers must withstand the maximum voltage at a level of 55 V. Low-frequency inductors are used for good current stabilization. They are perfect for working with modulators.
The chip for the transceiver is best selected for three phases. With the above amplifier, it is operated well. Sensitivity problems with the device are quite rare. The disadvantage of these transceivers can safely be called a low dispersion coefficient.
Transceivers with unbalanced antennas
Transceivers of this type are quite rare today. This is due to a greater extent with the low frequency of the output signal. As a result, their negative resistance sometimes reaches 6 ohms. In turn, the maximum load on the resistor is in the region of 4 A.
To solve the negative polarity problem, special switches are used. Thus, the phase change occurs very quickly. You can even set up these devices for remote control. The above antenna is installed on the relay with the marking K9. Additionally, the inductance system must be well thought out in the transceiver.
In some cases, the device comes with a display. High-frequency circuits in transceivers are also not uncommon. Problems with oscillations in the circuit are solved by a stabilizer. It is installed in the device always above the transformer. At the same time, they must be located from each other.at a safe distance. The operating temperature of the device should be around 45 degrees.
Otherwise, overheating of the capacitors is inevitable. Ultimately, this will lead to their inevitable damage. All things considered, the case for the transceiver must be well ventilated. Lamps are standardly attached to the microcircuit through a choke. In turn, the modulator relay must be connected to the external winding.
