An electrically charged particle is a particle that has a positive or negative charge. It can be both atoms, molecules, and elementary particles. When an electrically charged particle is in an electric field, the Coulomb force acts on it. The value of this force, if the value of the field strength at a particular point is known, is calculated by the following formula: F=qE.
So,
we determined that an electrically charged particle, which is in an electric field, moves under the influence of the Coulomb force.
Now consider the Hall effect. It was experimentally found that the magnetic field affects the movement of charged particles. Magnetic induction is equal to the maximum force that affects the speed of movement of such a particle from the side of the magnetic field. A charged particle moves with unit speed. If an electrically charged particle flies into a magnetic field with a given speed, then the force that acts on the side of the field will beis perpendicular to the particle velocity and, accordingly, to the magnetic induction vector: F=q[v, B]. Since the force that acts on the particle is perpendicular to the speed of motion, then the acceleration given by this force is also perpendicular to the motion, is a normal acceleration. Accordingly, a rectilinear trajectory of motion will be bent when a charged particle enters a magnetic field. If a particle flies in parallel to the lines of magnetic induction, then the magnetic field does not act on the charged particle. If it flies in perpendicular to the lines of magnetic induction, then the force that acts on the particle will be maximum.
Now let's write Newton's II law: qvB=mv2/R, or R=mv/qB, where m is the mass of the charged particle, and R is the radius of the trajectory. It follows from this equation that the particle moves in a uniform field along a circle of radius. Thus, the period of revolution of a charged particle in a circle does not depend on the speed of movement. It should be noted that an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field has a constant kinetic energy. Due to the fact that the force is perpendicular to the motion of the particle at any of the points of the trajectory, the force of the magnetic field that acts on the particle does not do the work associated with moving the motion of the charged particle.
The direction of the force acting on the movement of a charged particle in a magnetic field can be determined using the "left hand rule". To do this, you need to place your left palm soso that four fingers indicate the direction of the speed of movement of a charged particle, and the lines of magnetic induction are directed to the center of the palm, in which case the thumb bent at an angle of 90 degrees will show the direction of the force that acts on a positively charged particle. In the event that the particle has a negative charge, then the direction of the force will be opposite.
If an electrically charged particle gets into the region of joint action of magnetic and electric fields, then a force called the Lorentz force will act on it: F=qE + q[v, B]. The first term refers to the electrical component, and the second - to the magnetic one.
