With the invention of elements with a non-linear characteristic, a variety of schemes appeared with their use. The simplest and most reliable circuit is called a parametric stabilizer. It does an excellent job of voltage stabilization, easy to manufacture and reliable to operate.
A Zener diode can be compared to a reversed diode. Only voltage breakdown in the opposite direction in the case of a zener diode is its normal mode of operation. This property is widely used in a wide variety of circuits where it is required, for some reason, to limit the input voltage signal. These can be matching devices when it is necessary to convert a signal from one level to another, lower one. Or circuits for protection against surges or impulse noise. The parametric voltage stabilizer has good speed and perfectly protects sensitive devices from impulse noise. Its presence in electronics circuits has become the norm for gooddesign, which takes into account all possible modes of operation of the equipment.
The scheme of such a stabilizer is so simple to design and manufacture that it does not require any special knowledge. The main thing is to correctly calculate the breakdown current of the zener diode so as not to damage the device that is sensitive to current overloads. To do this, a current-limiting resistor is included in the zener diode circuit. A parametric stabilizer can be compared to a voltage divider, in one arm of which the non-linear characteristic of a zener diode is embedded. The stabilized voltage is removed, respectively, from the zener diode, can serve as a reference voltage and be used for further conversion.
In addition to voltage stabilizers, a parametric current stabilizer is also used in electronics. This device is similar in principle to its predecessor, but the object of conversion in this case is the current. Current stabilization is used in electronic circuits that protect various devices from current overloads. An example of the use of such devices is the load limitation in audio frequency amplifiers. Parametric current stabilizer is widely used in production.
All of the above devices work great in single-phase circuits or logic circuits. Three-phase circuits also use stabilization devices, one of which is a three-phase stabilizer. This device operates on the sameprinciple, as single-phase, only in this case the voltage is stabilized immediately in three phases. Currently, various schemes of such a stabilizer have been developed, the purpose of which is to increase the accuracy of stabilizing the phase output voltage. When designing such circuits, special attention is paid to the reference voltage source and the output power elements of the stabilizer. Such devices are quite simple and reliable in operation.
