Technical organization of access to electricity by ordinary consumers is carried out through special devices. These are fittings and accessories, thanks to which the user can conveniently and safely connect electrical appliances to a power source. The most common electrical installation products are quite familiar sockets with switches, cartridges, plugs, etc. But there are also more complex devices that are not responsible for a specific device, but for a common infrastructure - for example, within a house or apartment. In any case, even a minor electrical accessory, if installed or used incorrectly, can lead to disastrous consequences.
Installation of switchboard
For the input and distribution of electricity in the house, a so-called shield is needed. Outwardly, it is a small metal cabinet with an electrical connection, and inside contains electrical devices. Installation is carried out after the main electrical connection has been made. An empty shield is fixed with construction hardware - as a rule, in a wall-mounted way. Furtherconnection is made. The ends of the input wires are marked depending on the group of electrical devices that they will serve. Then the wires are led from the bottom into a pre-prepared shield and distributed. Input can also be carried out from the top. In this case, special DIN rails are mounted. After that, grounding and grounding electrical installation products are installed, as well as a junction box for the phase cable. Zero circuits are output to the N-bus, and ground wires to the PE-bus. Modern switchboards use a modular mounting configuration, in accordance with which the layout is implemented using clamps - this method is convenient in that it saves the master from painstaking manipulations with connections.
Preparation of wiring in the house
After installing the switchboard, the direct branching of the current supply channels in the apartment or house is performed. The metal hose will act as the main bearing element. This is a kind of sheath of a wire that carries current. It is made of a galvanized metal film or tape that protects the line from physical damage. This circuit is laid inside hollow ceilings and walls. We can say that this is the main line of electricity supply within the framework of one house or apartment. Wires with a small cross section depart from it, from which sockets with switches and other local consumers will be powered. An important element of this infrastructure is a junction box for wiring accessories,which acts as a kind of network distributor. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that, compared with typical branchings in the same metal hose, it makes it possible to temporarily connect individual branches. In essence, this is the same principle of shield clamps - there is no need to make durable connections such as twists and solders. It is enough to insert the cable through the appropriate plug or adapter and the specific section will receive power.
Rules for placing sockets and switches
In residential areas, sockets should be located at a distance of up to 50 cm from the corners, and up to 30 cm from the floor. As for the switches, they are installed 1 m from the doorways. In height, they are integrated 80 cm from the floor covering. However, for convenience, installation at a level of 50-60 cm has also been practiced recently. According to special rules, electrical installation products are placed in the bathroom, in the kitchen, as well as in rooms with a high level of humidity. First of all, sockets should be installed at least 110 cm from the floor. In the kitchen, the distance from the gas pipeline should also be observed - a minimum of 50 cm is maintained.
Connecting sockets with switches
The connection is made in three steps. At the first stage, the electricity at the entrance is turned off to ensure the safety of work. Next, the old switch is dismantled, if any. The fixing screws are unscrewed, after which the device can be removed. Then the new product is installed. This process begins by unscrewing the screws,holding the plate with the wire. The end of the wires is exposed, after which it is inserted into the terminal of the device and tightened with a screw. It is important to remember that the installation of electrical installation products must be carried out with the utmost care in handling the conductors. For example, when fixing, you do not need to tighten them with excessive force. If there is a desire to ensure a higher reliability of the connection, then an annular coupling can be made by bending the core accordingly. At the final stage, the case is installed in the socket. The operation is performed with complete screws - the main thing in this part is to observe the correct position of the device in terms of levels.
Compliance with safety rules
All manipulations with electrical devices should be carried out only in conditions of a complete power outage. At the same time, each time before contact with bare parts of products integrated into the network, it is necessary to check the voltage with a special indicator - you can use a multimeter for this. The correct wiring diagram must also be maintained. It is recommended to mount wiring accessories in accordance with the drawings attached to the kit documentation. Sometimes schemes are applied to the reverse side of products. In order for the device to retain its physical integrity and perform its functions properly after installation, the load must be correctly calculated. Again, tolerances are usually specified in the product documentation or on the case.
Wiring accessories manufacturers
The market for electrical devices is wide enough for everyone to find the best solution for their needs. However, there are not so many truly high-quality products. In this sense, it is worth highlighting such companies as SVEN, ABB and Legrand. As for SVEN products, they are characterized by the quality of the technical performance of accessories. The developers use high-quality galvanized steel, experiment with case design solutions and provide for multilayer protective shells. ABB devices have similar advantages. Wiring products of this company meet the highest quality standards, are distinguished by durability, exquisite forms and style of execution. Products from Legrand have long been known to electrical engineers. In this case, we can emphasize the active introduction of high technologies and support for the basic quality level.
Conclusion
The engineering equipment of an apartment or house bears a great responsibility - not only for comfort, but also for safety. Therefore, saving on the components of such systems is not worth it. It is advisable to initially use wiring accessories Legrand, SVEN, ABB or other brands of a similar level. It will also not be superfluous to calculate the possibilities for applying high-tech solutions. Perhaps it will be the integration of electrical engineering into the smart home system or the expansion of the basic functionality of the traditional electrical infrastructure.
