Lithium battery is a safe and energy intensive device. Its main advantage is work without charging for a long time. It can function even at the lowest temperatures. Due to its ability to store energy, the lithium battery is superior to other types. That is why every year their production increases. They come in two shapes: cylindrical and prismatic.
Application
They are widely used in computers, mobile phones and other technology. Lithium battery chargers have an operating voltage of 4 V. The most important advantage is operation at a wide temperature range, ranging from -20 °C to +60 °C. To date, there are batteries that can operate at temperatures below -30 ° C. Every year, developers are trying to increase both the positive and negative temperature ranges.
For the first timeA lithium battery loses about 5% of its capacity, and this figure increases every month. This indicator is better than that of other representatives of batteries. Depending on the charging voltage, they can last from 500 to 1000 cycles.
Lithium battery types
There are types of lithium batteries that are found in various areas of household and industrial facilities:
- lithium-ion - for main or backup power supply, transport, power tools;
- nickel s alt - road and rail transport;
- nickel-cadmium - shipbuilding and aircraft industry;
- iron-nickel - power supply;
- nickel-hydrogen - space;
- nickel-zinc - cameras;
- silver-zinc - military industry, etc.
The main type are lithium-ion batteries. They are used in the fields of power supply, power tools, telephones, etc. Batteries can operate at temperatures from -20 ºС to +40 ºС, but development is underway to increase these ranges.
At just 4V, enough specific heat is generated.
They are divided into different subtypes, which differ from each other in the composition of the cathode. It is modified by replacing graphite or adding special substances to it.
Lithium batteries: device
As a rule, such devices are produced in a prismatic shape, but there are also models in a cylindrical case. The inner part consists of electrodesor separators. The body is made of steel or aluminium. Contacts are displayed on the battery cover, and they must be isolated. Batteries, prismatic type lithium batteries contain a certain number of plates. They are stacked on top of each other. To provide additional safety, the lithium battery has a special device. It is inside and serves to control the workflow.
In case of dangerous situations, the device disconnects the battery. In addition, the equipment is provided with external protection. The case is absolutely sealed, so there is no leakage of electrolyte, as well as water ingress. The electrical charge comes from lithium ions interacting with the crystal lattice of other elements.
Lithium Battery Screwdriver
It can be installed three types of batteries, which differ in their cathode composition:
- cob alt-lithium;
- lithium ferrophosphate;
- lithium manganese.
The lithium battery screwdriver differs from other types of batteries in its low self-discharge rate. Another important advantage is that it does not require maintenance. If a lithium battery breaks down, it can be thrown away, as it does not harm humans and the environment. The only negative is the low charging of lithium batteries, as well as high safety requirements. It is difficult to charge it in freezing temperatures.
Key Features
Exactlythe operation of the screwdriver, the state of its power, the time of possible operation depend on the technical characteristics. Among other technical indicators, there are:
- voltage of one battery in the device can range from 3 to 5 V;
- maximum energy intensity reaches 400 Wh/l;
- loss of own charge by 5%, and over time by 20%;
- complex charging mode;
- full battery charge takes 2 hours;
- resistance from 5 to 15 mOhm/Ah;
- number of cycles - 1000 times;
- service life - from 3 to 5 years;
- using different types of current at certain battery capacities, for example, a capacity of 65 ºС - direct current is used.
Production
Most manufacturers strive to make electric tools more advanced and in line with modern technology.
To do this, it is necessary to provide good batteries in the design. The most popular manufacturing firms are:
- Bosh company. The lithium battery is manufactured using the new ECP technology. It is she who controls the discharge of the device. Another of its useful properties is protection against overheating. At high power, a special device lowers the temperature. The design of the battery provides holes that serve as ventilation and cool the battery. Another technology is Charge, thanks to which charging is much faster. In addition, Boschproduces batteries for various electric tools. Many users leave good reviews about this company.
- Makita Company. It produces its own microcircuits that control all the performance and processes in the battery, for example, temperature, charge content. Thanks to this, you can choose the charging mode and the time of its implementation. Such microcircuits increase the service life. Batteries are made with a strong enough case, so they are not subjected to mechanical stress.
- Hitachi Company. Thanks to its latest technology, the weight and overall dimensions of the battery are reduced. That is why the electric tool becomes light and mobile.
Features of operation
When using the battery, you must adhere to the following rules:
- No need to use a lithium battery for individual unprotected cells, and buy cheap Chinese parts. Such a device will not be safe, since there will be no system that protects against short circuits and elevated temperatures. That is, if the battery is significantly overheated, it may explode, and its service life will be much shorter.
- Do not heat the battery. As the temperature rises, the pressure inside the device rises. These actions will lead to an explosion. Therefore, it is not necessary to open the top cover of the battery and place it in places exposed to sunlight. Such actions will shorten the service life.
- Do not bring additional sources to the contacts at the top of the coverelectricity, as a short circuit may occur. Built-in protection systems will not always help in this matter.
- Charging the battery is necessary in compliance with all the rules. When charging, use chargers that evenly distribute the current.
- The procedure for charging the battery is carried out at a positive temperature.
- If it becomes necessary to connect several lithium batteries, then you need to use models of the same manufacturer and similar in technical characteristics.
- Store lithium batteries in a dry place that is not exposed to sunlight with a temperature of more than 5 ºС. If the equipment is exposed to high temperatures, the charge will decrease. Before storage in the winter season, the battery is charged to 50% of its capacity. Care must be taken to ensure that the battery is not completely discharged. If this happens - urgently charge it. If mechanical damage occurs on the body, as well as signs of rust, the device cannot be used.
- If during operation there is a significant overheating of the battery, the appearance of smoke, then you should immediately stop using it. After that, move the damaged device to a safe place. If a substance is released from the body, then it must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or other organs.
- Do not dispose of or incinerate lithium batteries. Their disposal occurs in case of mechanical damage to the case, explosions or ingress of water or steam.
About fire
If a lithium battery caught firebattery, then it cannot be extinguished with water and a fire extinguisher - carbon dioxide and water can react with lithium. To extinguish it, you should use powder fire extinguishers, sand, s alt, and also with a thick cloth.
Charging process
A lithium battery that is connected to DC power is charged at 5 V or more.
At the same time, there is a minus - they are unstable to overcharging. An increase in temperature inside the case will damage it.
Special level indicated in instruction manual. When it is reached, it should be charged. If you increase the voltage when charging, the properties of a lithium battery will decrease significantly.
As mentioned earlier, the battery life is 3 years. To maintain this period, it is necessary to adhere to the conditions of operation, charging and storage. In addition, they must be constantly functioning, not stored.
Recharge
The design of the battery provides a recharge system, so the charger can not be turned off and not be afraid that the composition inside will boil, as happens with car batteries.
If the equipment will be stored for more than one month, it must be completely discharged. This will significantly extend the service life.
Cost
Li-ion battery price depends on capacity and specifications.
On average, it varies from 100 to 500 rubles. Despite this cost, many users leave positive reviews. Among the positive aspects, a wide operating temperature range, high power and the ability to work for more than 1000 cycles (about 3 years of intensive use) are distinguished. The devices are widely used in various fields, so everyone can appreciate their benefits.
So we figured out what lithium batteries are.
