Electronics is a complex but very useful science. In addition, it is promising, despite the large number of inventions already created. But before you act, you need to understand what electrical engineering is with the basics of electronics. We will consider them using the example of the devices used.
Work on alternating current
The engine will be taken as an example. Electrical engineering and the basics of electronics in this case are based on two main parts: fixed and expressed. The first is an inductor, and the second is an armature with a drum winding. Important in this case is the presence of a number of conditions. So, the inductor must have a cylindrical shape and be made of a ferromagnetic alloy. We also need poles with an excitation winding, which are fixed on the frame. The winding creates the main magnetic flux. The book on general electrical engineering with the basics of electronics will help you learn how to calculate the necessary values. In addition to this method, the magnetic flux can be created by permanent magnets that are attached to the frame. Armature refers to the core, winding and collector. The first is assembled from insulated sheets of electrical steel.
Analog devices
We continue to learn the basics of electronics and consider the types of devices already according to the principle of their operation. The main feature of analog devices is the continuous change of the received signal in accordance with the described physical process. Mathematically, it can be expressed as a continuous function, where there are an unlimited number of values at different points in time. In this case, we can give the following example: the air temperature changes, and the analog signal is transformed accordingly. What is expressed as a voltage drop (although there are many other ways to denote this, for example, a pendulum changing its position). Analog devices are simple, reliable and fast. This ensures their wide application. True, it is impossible to say that they can boast of a special signal processing accuracy. Also, analog devices do not have high noise immunity. They strongly depend on various external factors (physical aging, temperature, external fields). They are also often blamed for signal distortion and low efficiency.
Digital Devices
They are aimed at working with discrete signals. As a rule, it consists of a certain sequence of pulses, which can take only two values - "true" or "false". Anyone who knows the basics of electronics is also aware that they can be implemented on different element bases. Yes, a person hasthe ability to choose among transistors, optoelectronic elements, electromagnetic relays, microcircuits. That is, there is a variety, and it is quite extensive. As a rule, circuits are assembled from logical elements. Triggers and counters are used for communication (but not always). Something similar can be seen in robotics, automation systems, measuring instruments, radio and telecommunications. An important advantage of digital devices is their resistance to interference, ease of processing and recording data. They can also transmit information with such small distortion that they can be ignored. Therefore, digital devices are considered more preferable than analog ones.
Semiconductors
They, due to their diversity and properties, have become an independent field of electronics. The foundations for this were laid a very long time ago, when crystal detectors began to be used. They were semiconductor rectifiers designed to operate high frequency currents. Initially, devices based on copper oxide or selenium were used. True, as it turned out, they are much less suitable for work than those devices that are made on the basis of silicon.
O. V. Losev, an employee of the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, who back in 1922 created a device where, due to the generation of natural oscillations, the received signals significantly improved, could boast of the first successful developments in this area. But these developments, alas, have not received proper development. Andnow the world uses semiconductor triodes (they are also transistors), which Brattain, Shockley and Bardeen jointly developed, and modern electronics are now being built on them. The basics of working with them, although difficult, are necessary for anyone who wants to learn and practice in this area.
Microelectronics
In its own way, it is the quintessence of electronics, where information properties reach their maximum values. Here, the density of data flows per unit of weight is a multiple of that in other parts of this science. But the task of microelectronics is information processing. In this case, only two digits are used: a logical one and zero. But practical work in this area is very difficult - after all, it requires a number of conditions that are difficult (almost impossible) to provide at home. Among them are perfect cleanliness, high precision work and the use of sophisticated technology.
Mathematical justification
Algebra of logic is used for technique. It was invented by George Bull. Therefore, it is sometimes also called Boolean algebra. For practical purposes, it was first used by the American scientist Claude Shannon in 1938, when he studied electrical circuits with contact switches. When Boolean algebra (also called logic) is used, then all the statements in question can only have two values: "true" or "false". Alone, they are not difficult. But simple statements can form multicomponent statements by combining with logical operations. If they are also designated by something (for example, by letters), then using the laws of the algebra of logic, you can describe any, even the most complex digital circuits.
Of course, to know the basics of electronics, you do not need to delve into the nuances of the theory. A primitive understanding of this direction is enough. So, consider the following example. We have LED, switch and power supply. When the light element is on, we say "true". The LED is not active - it means "false". It is from the construction of a large number of such solutions that computers consist.
Conclusion
General electrical engineering with the basics of electronics will help you understand the processes taking place in this area. Also, knowledge about the safe technical operation of devices will not be superfluous. It is necessary to work in a place specially prepared for this activity. You should also take care to exclude the possibility of electrical injury. To do this, you can use rubber gloves (when working with bare wires) and other means of protection. It will be useful in practice to use a respirator or similar device when soldering.
