The telecommunications market is one of the most promising and rapidly growing areas of the communications industry. At present, the telecommunications system is on the path of rapid development, in general, it is focused on the entry of the Russian communication system into the world as an equal partner for the provision of international, long-distance, urban communications, data transmission, the Internet, mobile communications, etc.
What is telecommunications
The term "telecommunications" comes from the words: the Latin communico, which means "a form of communication", and the Greek tele, which means "operating at a distance". So, we can say that:
- Telecommunication is a set of devices and programs that allow you to transmit information via cable and radio channels. These are information conversion devices, its decoding, modulation; these are modern computer processing technologies.
- Telecommunications meansa set of technical, software and organizational tools for data transmission over long distances. Solid-state output amplifiers are used to create satellite station transmitters.
- Telecommunications are technical services that provide the transmission and reception of messages. Telecommunications specialists are technicians and engineers. They mainly work with codes, signals, noises.
- Telecommunication is the exchange of any information using a computer. Information is transmitted through communication channels or information exchange.
- Telecommunication is the process of receiving and processing information using electronic, network, electromagnetic, information and computer technologies.
Promising areas of telecommunication technologies should be considered:
- Creation of new signal-code structures by applying combined methods of signal manipulation and new methods of signal coding in order to increase the capacity of transmission systems and improve their energy.
- Creation of intelligent antenna devices with improved energy.
- Creation of telecommunication systems in the millimeter wave range with an operating frequency of about 100 GHz.
- Development of design methods and technology for the production of telecommunications equipment, which ensures their optimal characteristics according to generalized criteria: minimum cost, maximum parameters, maximum reliability, minimum weight and size characteristics.
- Improving the level of education of students in the direction of "Telecommunications", expanding research and development in the direction.
Technological method of signal coding
The systems use the latest signal coding and modulation techniques to ensure optimal energy. It is the methods of signal coding to combat errors in the presence of interference that provide an energy gain in the system of up to 6-8 dB, even despite the expansion of the signal spectrum. In this case, block codes are used: Hamming codes, Reed-Solomon codes, BCH codes, as well as tree-like convolutional codes. It is interesting to consider the use of codes that make it possible to implement triangular amplitude-phase keying and thus obtain an additional energy gain in order to increase the signal transmission rate. In this case, the channel bandwidths use multi-position relative phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude-phase shift keying.
Satellite communications
Satellite communication systems are used in geostationary satellites to transmit television programs, including to individual receivers, and to provide group information traffic. Of particular note is the Inmarsat international satellite maritime navigation system, which, in addition, has received wide commercial application for operational communications and navigation using the GPS navigation satellite system in hard-to-reach areas, in conditionsemergencies, as well as for monitoring freight traffic. A small-sized satellite phone provides data transmission from anywhere in the world. In combination with a broadband pseudo-noise signal, new technologies were implemented: a frequency microstrip antenna, a solid-state power amplifier, a two-channel filter based on surface acoustic waves based on bismuth germanate, narrow-band microwave filters based on dielectric resonators, etc.
Telecommunications and communications
Today, mobile communication systems have developed especially rapidly, the number of subscribers of which in most countries exceeds the number of subscribers of fixed networks. So far, the GSM-900/180 standard holds the leadership in the mobile communication market, the systems of which have reached the limit of perfection thanks to the use of the latest GPRS and EDGE technologies. Very promising should be considered mobile communication systems with code division of channels of the CDMA standard, which have unsurpassed confidentiality and energy performance. Today, to create a 3G mobile communication system in accordance with the MT-2000 standard developed by the International Telecommunication Union, three standards based on CDMA technology are used: CDMA ONE, CDMA 2000 and WCDMA. As part of the implementation of the IMT-2000 standard, work is being done to create satellite systems for personal mobile communications Orbocomm, Thuraya, Clobal Star, Iridium. So far, commercial operation of the systems has not been achieved due to project financing problems and technical difficulties. To create information networks of enterpriseswell-established DECT radio system.
Fast signal transmission systems
Thanks to the advances in microelectronics technologies, modern mobile and computer networks and telecommunications, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiMax, WiFi, etc., are manufactured and used. In practice, exotic transmission systems are used, which are created using general principles and schemes of construction and differ in channel adapters for connecting to the corresponding signal transmission channels. Hydroacoustic communication systems communicate underwater using ultrasonic vibrations of 8-20 kHz at a distance of up to 4 km. Laser communication systems use lasers with a wavelength of 1-10 microns and are used in space communication lines. The Ryazan Instrument-Making Plant (Russia) manufactures a laser transceiver that provides signal transmission at a speed of about 200 Mbps over a distance of 2-10 km in terrestrial conditions and is used, for example, to transmit information between base stations in mobile communication systems. Communication systems in tunnels and metros use a radio-emitting (antenna) cable, for example, from EUPEN, in the frequency range of 30-1800 MHz. US scientists have established the possibility of transmitting radio waves of the hectameter range in the bowels of the Earth. It is believed that during the placement of repeaters at a distance of up to 200 m, it is possible to create a communication line for transmitting a signal with a spectrum of about 500 Hz.
