Generator is an electrical machine that converts the mechanical energy of the rotation of the prime mover into direct current electrical energy. Then the generator gives this converted energy to the consumer. The device of the generator is based on the laws of electromagnetic induction. One of the most common types of these devices is the so-called synchronous generator. It is an electrical machine that runs on alternating current. Synchronicity is achieved due to the presence of a certain number of pole pairs. Thus, at a given frequency, the rotation speed will be constant.
The generator device is quite simple. Its main parts are electromagnets that create a magnetic rotating field, and an armature on which the winding is located.
Anchor is one of the main parts that make up an electric generator. It has a cylindrical shape. An anchor is assembled from separate sheets of stamped electrical steel, the thickness of which does not exceed half a millimeter. Between the sheets there is a layer of varnish or paperisolation. During assembly, the depressions, which are stamped around the circumference on each sheet, are compressed and form grooves into which the conductors of the insulated armature winding fit.
The generator device provides for a collector. It consists of several copper plates, which are soldered in some places to the armature winding. They are also isolated from contact with each other. The collector is located in the generator in order to rectify the current, as well as divert it to the external network using fixed brushes. The collector is fixed on the armature shaft.
As mentioned above, the device of the generator is impossible without the use of the laws of electromagnetic induction. That is why the electricity generator has electromagnets in its device, which consist of pole steel cores. The cores are bolted to the generator frame cast from steel. For low-power machines, it sometimes happens that the frame is cast immediately together with the cores. In most cases, the cores are recruited from steel sheets. A coil made of copper wire wound around it is put on the core. The wire is also insulated. The direct excitation current passing through the winding creates a magnetic flux at the poles. For its better distribution, poles with tips assembled from steel sheets are located in the air gaps.
An armature rotating in a magnetic field induces a variable in direction and magnitude electromotive force (EMF) inarmature winding conductors. By soldering the ends of one turn to the ends of another and putting brushes on the rings, connecting them to an external network, you can get an alternating current generator device, since in this case the rotation of the soldered turn in a magnetic field creates a current that is alternating in frequency and direction.
Synchronous generators are widely used in transport, especially in railways. Usually they are used on diesel locomotives, in refrigerator sections.
