A rectifier is a device that is designed to convert current. Many models are installed with filters. The scope of rectifiers is very wide. They are actively used in power supplies, substations, and welding machines.
First of all, the models are divided into phases. There are two-phase as well as three-phase modifications. Bridge devices are made exclusively for converters. By power, power elements are distinguished, as well as signal models. According to the presence of stabilization devices, they are divided into full-wave, non-full-wave, two-period and transformer modifications. In order to understand rectifiers, it is necessary to consider the circuit of a conventional model.
Rectifier circuit
The rectifier circuit includes conductors with different current conductivity. Channels are also used in devices. Electronic valves are installed with different sensitivities. If we consider bridge modifications, then they use zener diodes. Diode devices are also on the market.
Operation principle
The operating principle of the rectifier is based oncurrent conversion. This process is carried out by changing the frequency. For this, the device has an electronic valve. Channels are used to stabilize the conversion process. To avoid problems with negative polarity, zener diodes are installed. Direct connection of the device is carried out through conductors.
Power Devices
Rectifiers of this type are used in various power supplies. Most often they can be found in personal computers. The device circuit assumes the use of a vector transistor. If we consider a two-channel modification, then the connection is made through an expander.
Tetrodes are used in some devices. If we consider three-channel elements, then they are designed for 20 V power supplies. In this case, tetrodes are never used. The principle of operation of rectifiers is based on changing the frequency. Many modifications are sold with electronic valves. If we talk about the parameters, then the sensitivity of the device fluctuates around 23 mV. The direct current conductivity of the models does not exceed 2 microns.
The principle of operation of signal rectifiers
Signal rectifiers work from feedback. Models can only be used in a network with alternating current. If we consider 12 W devices, it should be noted that only half-duplex type filters are used. Also, the standard rectifier circuit involves the use of a transistor with a receiver.
Models with three channels musttriggers are used. These devices are installed through insulators. The output voltage of the models, as a rule, does not exceed 20 V. The power electronics of the rectifiers made it possible to solve the problem with voltage drops by installing diode bridges.
Bridge devices
Bridge rectifiers are sold for power supplies and converters. Devices operate on an alternating current network. Directly changing the frequency is carried out due to the operation of the expander. The specified element in the rectifier plays the role of a conductor. In some cases, it is installed with insulators. In terms of protection, bridge rectifiers are quite different.
If we consider modifications for three channels, then they use triggers. These elements can be installed with or without a lining. Modifications to four channels are very rare. The current conductivity index for rectifiers does not exceed 40 microns. In this case, the sensitivity of the device is 2.5 microns.
Two-phase modifications
Two-phase rectifiers are made for vehicles. Models work on the principle of frequency change. This process can be carried out at the expense of an expander or a trigger. Most often, models are found without tetrodes. The limit overload parameter for modifications does not exceed 6 A. Filters are used, as a rule, of a wire type.
If we consider modifications to three channels, then they have a two-bit trigger. The indicator of its sensitivity is no more than 3 microns. In myIn turn, the output voltage is maximum 35 V. The power electronics of two-phase devices made it possible to solve the problem of voltage overloads through the use of diode motors.
Three-phase models
A three-phase rectifier can only be found in transformer substations. The devices operate from a high-voltage circuit. In this case, the principle of operation of the model is based on a sharp increase in frequency. The output voltage parameter remains unchanged. Available in 3 and 4 channel models. They are connected through conductors.
Three-phase rectifier for three channels is available with tetrodes. In some cases, expanders are used to stabilize the conversion process. If we talk about rectifiers for four channels, it is important to note that they are always produced with amplifiers. In this case, the current conductivity indicator lies within 70 microns. Rectifier sensitivity is no more than 4.2 mV.
Full wave devices
Full-wave voltage rectifier works by changing the polarity of the expanders. Transistors are usually used in open type. These devices are suitable for converters of 20 and 30 V. Directly, their sensitivity parameter is 3 mV. In turn, the conductivity of the current is in the region of 4.5 microns.
If we talk about modifications for three channels, they are installed only in power supplies with amplifiers. Filters for rectifiers are mainly suitable for expansion type. If atalking about devices for four channels, then their current conductivity indicator lies in the region of 3 microns. Models are not suitable for transformer substations.
Non-full wave modifications
Non-full wave rectifiers are distinguished by the absence of an electronic valve. Elements with only two channels are produced. Direct connection of the modification is carried out through the contacts. Insulators are used both with lining and without it. Amplifiers are used in some cases.
It is also important to note that rectifiers of this type are installed in the controllers. Their output voltage parameter, as a rule, does not exceed 30 V. On average, the sensitivity of devices is 75 mV. In this case, the current conductivity depends on the type of filters used.
Single-period modifications
Single-cycle rectifiers are produced for various receivers. A distinctive feature of the elements is considered to be a high current conductivity parameter. Reverse polarity devices work. Available in 2 and 3 channel models. If we consider the first option, it is important to note that the conductors are used with a lining. In this case, expanders are rarely installed. The current conductivity parameter for rectifiers fluctuates around 3 microns.
If we talk about three-channel devices, they are always produced with tetrodes. Also, the modification scheme involves the use of modulators. For low-frequency receivers, these rectifiers are ideal. In this case, the sensitivity isno more than 60 mV.
Scheme of two-period devices
A 220 V two-period rectifier is made to convert current from drive devices. In this case, the process occurs due to a change in the frequency of the voltage. Expanders for models are used, as a rule, of an open type. If we talk about modifications to two channels, then they use distribution filters. In some cases, triggers are set. Field effect transistors are required to connect devices to drive installations. They are available in various capacities. As a rule, modifications of 20 pF are presented on the market.
Features of transformer devices
Transformer rectifier (electrical energy converter) is capable of operating in a network with direct and alternating current. In this case, the triggers are of the three-bit type. Conductors are used to connect devices. You can meet transformer rectifiers at substations. These devices are designed for high output voltage.
The protection system they have installed with chromatic filters. In this case, the sensitivity parameter lies within 80 mV. For drive mechanisms, these devices are not uniquely suitable. Their current reducibility index is 20 microns. Triggers for circuits are selected both open and closed type. On average, the threshold overload parameter is at the level of 5 A.
Models with voltage multiplication
Rectifiers of this type are currently actively used inconverters. The standard modification circuit includes a valve, as well as transistors. On average, their capacitance is 2 pF. Direct current conductivity is no more than 3 microns.
If we talk about modifications to two channels, then they use expanders. They are installed both open and closed. Many models have regulators. If we talk about rectifiers for four channels, then they are produced with modulators. Various triggers are used for their work. Most often they are of the three-digit type.
Modifications with galvanic isolation
Device with galvanic isolation operates on the principle of frequency reduction. They are connected only from the mains with alternating current. In this case, the transistors are set to 20 pF. Directly, the sensitivity indicator is 88 mV. If we talk about modifications to three channels, then they use pulse modulators. Many models have protective systems that help to cope with overloads. Filters are used with beam tetrodes.
