Almost every person today constantly uses such a device as a power adapter. But what is it and why is it needed? The article describes power supplies. We will consider the purpose of these devices, their characteristics and types.
Power adapter and its purpose
Let's try to define this device. An adapter, or power supply, is an electronic device designed to generate an output voltage of a given value and power. Household adapters convert the alternating electric current of the network into a constant one, which is necessary for equipment of various types. In the CIS countries, the power grid standard is adopted: 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz, but in other countries these parameters may be different. Accordingly, the power adapter released for such a country will differ in operating input voltage. What are these blocks for? Almost all electronic equipment has an operating voltage in the range of 3-36 volts (sometimes there may be exceptions). After all, the operating range of most semiconductor components is set exclusively at low voltage. This is due to the fact that suchelements are small in size, generate little heat during operation and have low power consumption.
A power adapter is needed to provide such equipment with operating voltage. It is much more economical to manufacture a power supply for equipment than to develop a device that is powered directly from a 220 V network. For such devices, powerful radiators with large overall dimensions will be needed. As a result, the size and price of such products will increase significantly.
Classification of adapters
First of all, power supplies can be divided into two main groups: external and built-in. From the name it is easy to understand that the latter are in a single housing with the main device. A good example of such an adapter is the power supply of a personal computer, in which the said device, although it is separated into a separate unit, is located in a common housing. The external power supply is a constructive independent unit. For example, a charger for a mobile phone, laptop, etc. Another of the characteristics by which adapters are distinguished is manufacturing technology. From this point of view, there are transformer and electronic (switching) power supplies. The former are characterized by large size and weight, simplicity, reliability, low cost and easy repair. Pulse devices, on the contrary, have small overall parameters and low weight, but at the same time they are durable and stable in operation.
Types of power supplies
There are many private solutions for the execution of power supplies. They will differ in output voltage, current, etc. A power adapter (universal) is also available, which is capable of delivering several different voltages. Such devices can power various equipment. Universal blocks have a mechanism for switching the rated output voltage on the case, and can also have interchangeable plugs of various types. Recently, USB power adapter has become very popular. You can connect a variety of devices to this unit that can be charged via a USB cable.
Conclusion
Thanks to a high-quality adapter, the equipment receives the required supply voltage, and the stability and duration of its operation depend on this.
