The need for artificial light sources has long been comprehended by physicists, technologists, engineers and direct developers of these systems. The classic incandescent lamp at one time made a real revolution in this direction, but modern lighting tools have made significant progress and regularly improve the quality characteristics of equipment. The design aspects of improving devices that form lighting systems for both private use and operation in public places do not lag behind. The extensive range of these products today allows you to choose the right solution for different tasks in accordance with the requirements.
General lighting
Traditional devices are involved in the organization of general lighting. This is the most common lighting configuration and is usually used in private applications. The main difference of such a system is the supply of the premises with lighting sources that completely cover the entire living or working space. To solve this problem, devices of the same type are most often used. For example, a home general lighting system may consist of classic incandescent fixtures. More modernsolutions include the use of energy-saving lamps and LED-based devices. The implementation of general lighting is achieved through the overhead arrangement of devices, although there are exceptions - it all depends on the requirements for the system and the nature of the operation of the room.
Local lighting
In this case, lighting equipment is used to service specific areas - usually workers. These can be, for example, functional areas where operators of production equipment work. The peculiarity of this approach to lighting is that the light does not completely cover the entire room, but only a certain part. In a sense, such configurations are similar to spot lighting. Such systems are associated with the home organization of light, in which, as a rule, diode devices purposefully serve a specific area - a reading corner, a desk, etc. The development of this direction has become track lighting systems, which are distinguished by the ability to change the position of the source itself, as well as more power. They are also called bus devices, which can provide both decorative and functional tasks. Track models are commonly used in studios, productions and offices.
Combined systems
Depending on how the space is used, there may be a need for a combined lighting system. This means that two concepts will be implemented at the facility - general and local lighting. For starters, it might beupper main lighting. But the diffuse provision of optical visibility may not be enough. In such situations, point or directional lighting systems can be used as an addition, which will accentuate one or another corner of the room. It can be both functional areas and decorative lighting of certain objects. Often, local light is implemented for the purpose of illumination. The target can be a painting, a coffee table, a vase of flowers, etc.
Street lighting systems
Radically different from the means of lighting the premises street lighting sources. With the help of such equipment, complex systems are organized for servicing private areas, public areas, stadiums, highways, park areas and other facilities. At the same time, technical approaches to the implementation of such tasks are also diverse. For example, a street lighting system designed for a local area may include the use of lanterns, pendant lights, lighting fixtures, and other devices. Approaches to the installation of sources deserve special attention. Lamps are often found in housings mounted on support structures. These can be masts, poles, as well as carrier networks with cables and cables.
More complex configurations are implemented to serve industrial and public areas. In particular, powerful reflectors and spotlights can be used. The features of such systems include the rangethe action of light beams and the security of devices from external influences.
Decorative lighting features
Lighting manufacturers are increasingly striving to combine the functional properties of devices with their design qualities. Unless there is no need for such a combination when equipping production facilities, although there are exceptions here. Decorative lighting is usually used in the arrangement of residential apartments and houses. The main condition in such projects is the organic entry of equipment into the overall style of the interior. Thus, a noticeable design effect is provided by LED lighting systems integrated into suspended ceilings. Usually these are point devices, the cases of which are hidden in the subceiling space. In the process of use, they give a pleasant and bright light, emphasizing the dignity of the room. On the other hand, floor lamps, sconces and chandeliers have not lost their relevance, the aesthetic merits of which are expressed in the execution of cases.
Varieties of technical lighting
This is the case when the aesthetic and generally decorative functions of light fade into the background, giving way to a practical purpose. The most common type of this kind of systems is task lighting. Special lamps are used to illuminate the working areas, as well as ceiling structures for the general coverage of the premises. Technical lighting systems may have an additional functional load. In particular, emergency light sources are arranged in order to continue the production process incases of unplanned power outages. Often, such systems are included in signaling complexes with general control. Security light sources are also common - they are dispersed both on the territory adjacent to the premises and inside.
Industrial lighting requirements
For each type of light source, its own standard is used, regulated by labor protection standards. For example, gas-discharge lamps have higher illuminance ratings than traditional incandescent lamps. This is explained by the greater light output. In addition, when implementing a combined scheme, the share of the total illumination should not be less than 10% of the set illumination value. No less important is the indicator of blinding action. The regulation of this standard takes into account the duration and category of work in conditions of visibility. At the same time, depending on the time of day and other circumstances of the working process, the standard values \u200b\u200bmay change. To correct the parameters, a lighting control system is used, which allows you to configure the equipment for a specific operating mode.
Evacuation lighting
Another kind of technical lighting systems that deserves special attention. Evacuation lamps are designed to ensure the safe exit of workers from the premises. In industries where one site can be serviced by dozens of workers, withoutsuch systems are unavoidable. The fact is that the working general light turns off after the end of the shift - accordingly, it should be possible for people to exit in visibility conditions. It can be not only internal provision of light. In the evening, the outdoor lighting system is also activated, the complex of which may include various LED signs with pointers. Like emergency devices, evacuation lighting can complement security systems. In both cases, control is carried out from special duty points. At the same time, automatic means of providing evacuation and emergency light are also quite common.
Smart light technologies
The development of the concept of houses, in which systems of programmed and automatic control of communications are implemented, could not ignore the systems of "smart" lighting based on LEDs. To a certain extent, such devices include lamps that turn on and off in accordance with the established program. User participation in this case is not expected, and this is the main difference between progressive approaches to lighting control.
Gradually, from the basic capabilities of automatic control of the operating modes of lighting equipment, manufacturers moved on to more complex tasks. The next step was to correct the brightness and color of the lamp in accordance with the current operating conditions of the device. For example, when the TV is on, the intensity of the glow decreases - again, without the participation ofuser. Not so long ago, Samsung demonstrated a system of "smart" lighting, which provides for the possibility of control over the Internet. This means that the owner of the house can, right at the workplace, while away, adjust the operating modes of the lamps.
Natural Lighting Systems
The virtues of natural light also contribute to the emergence of new developments in this direction. As a rule, such systems are designed at the stage of construction and finishing works. In particular, specialized companies offer equipping openings with translucent barriers that minimize the risks of radiation exposure and also allow you to control heat losses. In regions with a warm climate, lighting systems based on the idea of glass walls are also spreading. True, there is no question of the complete exclusion of artificial systems. They are usually combined with natural light.
Conclusion
The development of lighting technologies affects various aspects of the technical and operational properties of equipment. So, for industrial and commercial facilities, manufacturers offer powerful devices with energy-saving qualities and increased protection against external influences. For private needs, artificial lighting systems are being developed with a strong emphasis on ergonomics and visual appeal. At the same time, there are universal parameters that increase regularly. This applies to such qualities of luminaires as durability, environmental safety,visual comfort and installation flexibility.
