Devices capable of accumulating electricity and serving as its temporary source have long been part of our everyday life. The use of batteries depends on the main parameters of the device, such as capacity, durability and size. Of course, each manufacturer invests in their devices proprietary developments, so batteries have not only external, but also technical differences. However
o these features do not interfere with the division of drives into several main types.
Lead-acid batteries consist of a pair of lead electrode plates immersed in an electrolyte of sulfuric acid and water. Plates of nickel-cadmium elements are rolled into a tube and separated by an insulating material with electrolyte impregnation. Nickel-metal hydride batteries differ from nickel-cadmium batteries in the composition of the electrolyte solution and the material of the electrodes. Componentslithium-ion battery placed in a solution of lithium s alt.
In recent years, two more types of rechargeable batteries have been invented. The lithium polymer cell uses a polymer film instead of a liquid electrolyte. As a rule, such batteries are characterized by a high charge density and very small size. Due to these qualities, such batteries are used in small devices, such as telephones. Gel batteries became the second new type. The role of the electrolyte in them is played by silica gel. This jelly-like, slightly dried layer between electrolytes is permeated with honeycombs
nyami microscopic cracks. Substances evaporated by electrolytes are absorbed into the gel and turn into a liquid. Thus, most of the harmful fumes remain inside the battery.
The use of batteries in any area depends not only on their types, but also on the capacity of devices. For both a conventional battery and a car battery, this main parameter is calculated in the same units, ampere-hours. So, a capacity of 800 mAh means that this battery delivers 800 mA of electricity per hour. Another important battery parameter is the number of recharge cycles. The higher the number, the longer the device will last.
In addition to the internal components, all electric storage devices differ in their field of application. Household items include batteries of various types and ultra-thin rechargeable batteries for laptops and tablets. Industrial batteries are usually secondary sourceselectricity and
are used as a replacement for the fixed power grid. Typically, such batteries consist of several pairs of electrolytes connected in series. This type includes both car batteries and powerful devices that “rectify” the electric current. All industrial energy storage devices are divided into four categories. Stator batteries are used to start transport engines, stationary ones support the power supply of rectifiers, traction batteries provide energy for electric cars, portable ones “feed” the measuring equipment. The use of industrial-type batteries is usually carried out in factories and other industrial enterprises. Powerful batteries provide electricity to machine tools, forklifts and other large equipment.
Battery industry is constantly evolving. New types of miniature, high-capacity batteries are being invented that do not harm the environment. The use of batteries with new technologies makes modern life more comfortable and mobile.
