Access control is one of the technological conditions for ensuring security at critical facilities. Management of modes of passage and entry is required to prevent unauthorized entry into territories and individual zones, as well as to register persons with access rights. At the moment, there is a wide range of technical tools for the implementation of this task. In each case, the installation of access control systems is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the equipment and safety requirements. At the same time, large facilities cannot do without a special project for the technical organization of the pass system, which takes into account the specific conditions of installation measures.
Varieties of access control systems
In terms of installation, one should distinguish between stand-alone and network equipment. In the first case, the system assumes the possibility of centralized control with the connection of computer equipment. Such a complex is easier to integrate into the communication infrastructure of the facility, since it does not require the laying of separate cable lines. Accordingly, both installation work and subsequent operation with maintenance will costcheaper. But these advantages will have to be paid for by a low degree of secrecy, if we are talking about many protected points, which are controlled from one center. In turn, the installation of access control systems with a network communication structure will require the allocation of communication channels for each monitoring node in a separate order. In terms of maintenance costs and initial commissioning, this is a more costly option. But the advantages of network systems include the possibility of a one-time and prompt change of the configuration of keys for blocking devices.
Main system components
Control infrastructure is formed by three main groups of equipment: lock systems, identification tools and control equipment. The devices of the first category include modern digital blockers for doors, gates, barriers and other barrier structures. As a rule, these are electronic locks, the secrecy of which is checked on the connected identifying equipment. For example, the installation of access control systems with video surveillance is carried out taking into account the optimal coverage area at the checkpoint and allows you to identify a person even in automatic mode. In this case, the means of recognition and physical barriers are combined into one complex. But there are also configurations in which identification is performed at the checkpoint. Here you can go to the third group of equipment. These can be computers, interfaces andcontrollers controlled directly by the operator. When a signal is received, the dispatcher performs identification, after which it gives a signal to the systems of the first group, changing or maintaining their current status.
General installation technology
The main installation works concern blocking devices. In the target area, the same locks, turnstiles, barriers and other devices blocking the passage are installed. Typical installation of access control systems provides for the integration of carrier equipment that will securely fix the device. For example, locks are fastened with screws, self-tapping screws and brackets to a floor or wall niche. To do this, the master initially drills holes, grooves or performs chasing for locking elements in accordance with the equipment mounting configuration. Special platforms are provided for turnstiles and barriers. In some cases, they are installed with integration into the foundation.
The nuances of installing wired and wireless systems
As already noted, the installation of network, that is, cable systems, is the most costly in terms of financial and power resources. In this case, it will be necessary to arrange wiring lines that will link, for example, electromagnetic locks with identification devices and a control panel. The situation is complicated due to the fact that the laying of communications must be hidden, therefore, in wall and floor niches, chasing is performed with a perforator. Especially demanding in this respect is the installation of alarms. Access control with a warning system will also have to have a second emergency communication line. However, there are also combined systems in which signal channels are organized without wires.
The exclusion of cables requires the installation of alternative interfaces. Today, radio modules are used that allow information to be transmitted over hundreds of meters within the framework of an object. At such a distance, you can consider remote installation of video surveillance with access control to dozens of checkpoints. The only difficulty will be due to the need to ensure an independent power supply. Surveillance cameras must be autonomous, that is, battery-powered.
Hardware setup
After installing and connecting the functional components, they will need to be configured. First of all, a connection is made between the executive blocking equipment, access cards and the control panel in the control room. Appropriate keys, addresses and passwords are assigned to the equipment through special interfaces, through which centralized access control is provided. Installation of wireless systems may include the installation of programmable timers. The user must assign time intervals in which the equipment will monitor in one mode or another with varying degrees of secrecy and identification methods.
Infrastructure maintenance
In serviceThe responsible person must check the quality of the electrical connections, the correctness of the settings and the physical condition of the system components. A consumable replacement schedule is also drawn up. At certain intervals, the battery packs are charged and the memory cards are updated. In wired access control systems, installation and maintenance is carried out with an emphasis on the quality of the communication lines. It is important not only to organize the network connection correctly, covering important control points, but also to ensure optimal energy savings and security levels. For this reason, fuses, stabilizers and overload control relays can be additionally introduced into the circuits - including those with temperature sensors.
How much does installation cost?
The specific estimate will depend on the characteristics of the equipment, the number of managed access points, etc. The average system can cost 10-15 thousand rubles. If you plan to install an access control system with an alarm complex and a video surveillance system at a large facility with modern digital locks, then the amount can reach 30-40 thousand rubles.
In conclusion
The effectiveness of security systems largely depends on the quality of the prepared project. It should be developed according to the principles of economy, ergonomics, functionality and reliability. In this sense, the installation of access control systems will determine how stable the infrastructure will be in operation and protected from hacking attempts. By thisFor this reason, modern concepts of organizing such systems are increasingly focused on combining several levels of a common security system. The most effective is the installation that integrates blocking devices into the structure of the security complex, which may include, for example, motion and shock sensors.
