An isolation transformer is a device that is designed for the so-called galvanic separation of electricity consumers and the electrical network that feeds them.
The main task of such a device can be called an increase in safety due to the fact that equipment such as an isolation transformer does not have electrical connections in the secondary circuits with the ground or with voltage sources made in the form of a dead-grounded or effectively grounded neutral at transformer substations.
In this situation, even the occurrence of a possible electrical breakdown on the case will not cause an electric current overload. The device itself will remain in perfect working order. If a person accidentally touches a part of the device, which, accordingly, is under emergency voltage, the leakage current will not exceed a life-threatening level for a person, and as a result, the tragedy can be avoided.
Isolating transformer will be useful not only for industrialbusinesses, but even at home. Especially if you have a home workshop.
The basis of such a device as an isolation transformer is the so-called TC (unified transformer). Since modern household electrical appliances come in various energy capacities and capacities, unified transformers are also taken with the expectation of a variety of types of loads and load power values.
The effect of separation and lack of electrical connection (which leads to the so-called galvanic isolation of the voltage that feeds the device and the voltage that is supplied from the electrical supply lines) is achieved quite simply. An isolation transformer has two windings in its design - secondary and primary. Between them, reinforced (at least double) insulation or a metal grounded tap is installed, which makes it possible to guarantee the avoidance of breakdown. Since the isolating transformer is not designed to convert voltage, its transformation ratio is usually equal to one. In this case, the input voltage will be different from the output voltage.
However, what then is the point of using such a transformer? This is easy to demonstrate with an example if there is an electric point without galvanic isolation in a humid place, for example, in a bathroom. In the event that moisture gets into such a point, a breakdown of the insulation will occur. As a result, a certain section of the wall and ungrounded electrical appliances next to it will fall understress impact.
If there is a breakdown of the insulation and with an isolation transformer, then the same part of the wall may also be energized, but in this case the current will be the smallest. And if there is no insulation breakdown, the calculation of such a device as an isolation transformer is chosen correctly, then there will be no current or voltage at all.
Such a device is often used in medicine. It is possible to use it as an output transformer or as a coupling transformer to match the resistance of the circuit.
