The 220V electric motor is a simple and widespread device. Due to this voltage, it is often used in household appliances. However, it is not without its shortcomings. About what these electric motors are, about their application, cons and ways to solve problems, as well as the possibility of connecting to the network, we will tell in the article.
Single-phase devices. Description
Consider an asynchronous electric motor 220V, 2.2 kW, single-phase 3000 rpm. Such electric motors may be in the 80th or 90th corps.
The first view means that there is a distance of eighty millimeters from the engine mounting platform to the center of its shaft. The shaft diameter will be twenty-two millimeters, and the key will be six by six millimeters. The length of the shaft will be fifty millimeters, and the weight will be about twenty-two kilograms.
90th housing means that there is a distance from the location of the motor to the center of the shaftninety millimeters. The shaft diameter is twenty-four millimeters, and the key is seven by eight millimeters. The length will be fifty millimeters, and the weight will be almost twenty-two kilograms.
Plant producing 220V electric motor with these parameters are:
- Mogilev Electromechanical Plant (AIRE 80C2 model).
- Luninetsky "Polesyeelectromash" (models AIRE80D2 and AIRE 90L2).
- Yaroslavsky "Eldin" (model RAE90L2).
- Mednogorsk "Uralelectro" (model ADME80S2).
Problems and Solutions
All these models are becoming domestic due to electric motors running on 220 volts. They are mounted on machines for grinding parquet, sanding, on woodworking machines, crushers, compressor and drilling rigs, and so on. The disadvantage of AIRE is that they have a weak starting torque.
One can consider as an example the 220V electric motor in AIRE80C2 compressor units. The pressure from an empty receiver will build up here without problems. Let's take the upper limit of ten atmospheres, upon reaching which the motor will turn off. Air will be consumed from six to eight units of atmospheric pressure.
But when the compressor automatic commands to turn on, then AIRE80 or 90 cannot start and just buzzes. This residual pressure of the receiver presses on the pistons, preventing the motor from spinning up. And this happens not only on the compressor. Anya 220V AIRE asynchronous single-phase electric motor will have a similar problem. To solve it, it is recommended to install an additional capacitor, which should only work to start the engine, that is, about two to three seconds. If the equipment works only in one switching mode, then you can install the PNVS button. Then, by holding it, two capacitors will start working at once, and when released, the additional mechanism will turn off.
If automatic switching is used, it is necessary to assemble the circuit taking into account the time relay and the starter from the magnet.
Connection
In the house, the 220 volt electrical network is the most convenient source of power for household appliances. Some engines are capable of running directly from it, while others require additional equipment.
Usually there is no question of how to connect a 220V single-phase asynchronous motor. It is simply connected to the network. But the disadvantage here is that the efficiency will be very small.
Instructions for different types of device
To operate a two-phase motor, two parts are required: a paper capacitor of at least five hundred watts and a step-down automatic transformer, since most of these electric motors operate at one hundred and ten watts. For a direct-connected winding, you just need to apply the desired voltage, and apply to the other through a capacitor. But only paper types can be used.
Three-phase electric motors are notdesigned for capacitors. Therefore, they are allowed to be used only at the smallest loads. Otherwise, the windings will simply burn out. The rated load must be supplied from a real three-phase network.
If it is necessary to connect a universal collector motor with series excitation, the winding is connected to the collector-brush assembly. After the shaft is loaded by the device with which the engine will work, the required voltage is applied.
Usually brushed DC motors are low voltage. Therefore, to connect an electric motor of 3000 rpm. min 220V, you must use the appropriate power supply with transformer and rectifier.
Connecting a three-phase motor
Currently, it is not uncommon for motorists to use an electric motor. If it needs to be replaced or repaired, then the question may arise about how to connect the electric motor to a 220V network. A three-phase motor can easily be activated without calling a specialist, using the recommendations below.
Screwdriver, thermal relay, electrical tape, machine gun, magnetic starter and tester can be useful as tools.
Detailed instructions
The old motor is removed and the neutral wire is marked with electrical tape. If it is reinstalled, then the neutral wire can be easily determined using an indicator. At the end of it, the bulb will not light up.
The new engine is equipped with fittings with a magnetic starter, as well as withautomatic and thermal relay. The fittings are installed in the shield.
The thermal relay is connected to the starter. When choosing the latter, you need to be sure that it matches the power of the motor.
The input terminals are connected to the terminals of the machine, except for the neutral wire. The output terminals are connected to the same thermal relay. At the output of the starter, a cable is connected directly to the motor.
With a power of less than one kilowatt, the machine can be connected bypassing the magnetic starter.
To connect the electric motor, remove the cover. On the terminal block, the leads will be connected in the form of a triangle or a star. The ends of the cable are connected to the blocks. In the form of a star, the contacts are connected alternately.
If the conclusions are arranged randomly, then use the tester. It is connected to the ends, looking for windings. After that, they are connected as in the shape of a star, and the leads of the coils are assembled to a point. The remaining ends connect the cable.
The engine is covered with a lid and the operation of the mechanism is checked. If the shaft rotates in the wrong direction, any input wires are simply swapped.
